1. List and describe the four characteristics of acquired immunity. As part of your descriptions, be sure you can:
Distinguish between antigen and antigen determinant (epitope.)
Define immunogenic and tell which types of molecules are the most potent antigens.
Explain self and nonself.
Compare tolerance of self with autoimmune.
Explain specificity.
2. What are the two branches of acquired immunity and how are they different in structure and function? How are they alike? (You should revisit this question after you have studied the rest of the chapter.)
3. Explain clonal selection and why it leads to a specific immune response. Differentiate between the roles of effector cells and memory cells. Review Figure 20.5 and be able to explain the steps of clonal selection of B cells.
4. Tell the origins of immunity cells, where B and T lymphocytes become immunocompetent, and where the mature cells reside. Review Figure 20.6.
5. Identify the variable region of an antibody and tell its relationship to the antigen binding site. Find the variable region of antibodies in Figure 20.7. List the five classes of immunoglobulins and tell the special characteristics of each. Tell why scientists are interested in the mucosal immune system. Be familiar with Table 20.1.
6. Describe the primary and secondary antibody responses and the role of memory cells. Tell why two responses are necessary.
7. Summarize why it is not necessary for you to have a million different genes in order to make a million different antibodies.
8. Give examples of the various ways antibodies interact with antigens. Figures 20.10 and 20.11 will be useful.
9. What are MHC-I and MHC-II receptors and where are they found? What are TCRs, APCs, CD4 coreceptors and CD8 coreceptors and where are they found? Find the TCRs and CD receptors in the cells in Figure 20.12.
10. Describe the process of CMI. Tell the three roles of activated naïve cells and how these actions protect the body. Explain the activity of cytotoxic T cells. Make sense of Figure 20.13.
11. Describe how TH2 cells are involved with AMI? Make sense of Figure 20.15
12. Finally, put it all together. If you have the basics, Figure 20.16 should be a “piece of cake.”
13. Visit
http://microbiology.jbpub.com/8e/index.cfm
and look for info that will help you with this material. Also, review the chapter summary, tests and review.