1. Differentiate between innate and acquired immunity by discussing their origins, timing, duration, targets, and distribution among living organisms. Define immunology.
2. Review Figure 19.1. Tell which cells are granulocytes and which cells are agranulocytes. Tell the chief function of each type of leukocyte and list which are phagocytes. What is the general definition of cytokine? Tell which 3 cell types are found in the lymphocyte category. Tell where dendritic cells are found.
3. Tell what is meant by lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, the lymphatic system, primary lymphoid tissue and secondary lymphoid tissue. What are swollen glands and why are they swollen? Tell three areas of the body where there are large clusters of lymph nodes and tell why clusters of nodes are so located.
4. Describe the role of intact skin and mucous membranes as mechanical barriers to invasion by pathogens.
5. Discuss the various chemical barriers to microbial invasion.
6. Describe the roles of normal microbiota as barriers to invasion.
7. Discuss the mechanism of phagocytosis in innate immunity. Describe ways by which microbial invaders use phagocytosis as a tool to their own advantage. Define opsonization and pus. What was Elie Metchnikoff’s role in understanding phagocytosis?
8. Describe the process of inflammation, why it occurs, why it must be limited and how it is limited. Tell the roles of cytokines and the consequences of septic shock. Tell the role of histamines and give an example of HBP activity.
9. Describe the role of fever as a defense against infection. Explain the wisdom of “feed a cold, starve a fever.”
10. Describe the activity of NK cells. Include discussion of MHC proteins and apoptosis.
11. Briefly describe the activities of complement in defending the body.
12. Hot new research includes understanding of the TLRs and PAMPs. Define and explain their interactions.
13. Starting with Figure 19.1, review the illustrations and tables in this chapter. They prevent nice summarizations and you should be familiar with all terms and concepts presented in these summaries.
14. Present answers for the three case studies presented in MicroInquiry 19.
15. Review the summaries and quizzes at the end of the chapter. Don’t forget http://microbiology.jbpub.com/8e/index.cfm .