1. Discuss the recent increase in HIV infection in this country and the reasons for the increase. Differentiate between HIV and AIDS.
2. Every successful pathogen has its “strategies” that allow it to survive and propagate. Describe the various strategies that have allowed HIV to be successful. Discuss the “origin” of HIV.
3. Briefly summarize the stages of AIDS. Define opportunistic infections and explain why there is such a diversity of pathogens that can cause opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
4. Tell the ways by which HIV is transmitted. Explain why two HIV tests are recommended. Explain why the initial tests look for antibodies rather than the virus. Define HAART and why it is used to treat HIV infection.
5. When people first began to understand HIV/AIDS, they expect a vaccine to be available soon. That was 20 years ago and we are still waiting. What factors have interfered with development of a successful HIV vaccine?
6. Contrast hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C as to mode of infection, tissue infected and severity. For which are there vaccines?
7. Briefly tell the history of the Hanta virus and its relationship to Four Corners Disease. Tell why Hemorrhagic viruses are so named. Name three other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Tell for which ones vaccines have been developed.
8. Define arbovirus and name two diseases caused by arboviruses.
9. Define gastroenteritis. Norovirus has frequently been in the news. What is its claim to fame?
10. Describe the different areas of the body that can be affected by the poliovirus and why the epidemics before polio vaccines put people in “iron lungs.” List the three strains of the virus and compare the two vaccines that render immunity. Explain why these are called trivalent vaccines. Describe the effort to eradicate polio. Explain the significance of postpolio syndrome. Explain why the American polio vaccination schedule has dropped the OPV as part of the vaccination.
11. Tell how
12. Of the diseases we focused on in this chapter, which are viscerotropic, which are neurotropic? Define the two terms.
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